Language is a collection of words and
symbols which can be used to perform certain task or activities and to
establish a communication between person to person.
In the same manner computer languages
are the collection of predefine key words
which can be used to perform certain
task and to communicate between to entities like between two machines or
between human and computers or computers and others peripherals.
There are three different level of
programming languages. They are
(1) Machine languages (low level)
(2) Assembly languages
(3) Procedure Oriented languages
(high level)
(4) Fourth Generation languages (4
GLS)
(1)
Machine Languages :-
Computers are made of No. of
electronic components and they all are two – state electronic components means
they understand only the 0 – (pulse) and 1 (non – pulse). Therefore the
instruction given to the computer must be written using binary numbers. 1and 0.
Computers do not understand English
or any other language but they only understand or respond to binary numbers (0
and 1). So each computer has its own Machine languages.
(2)
Assembly Languages :-
As it was very tedious to understand
and remember 0’s representing numerous data and instruction. So to resolve this
problem mnemonics codes were developed. For example add is used as symbolic
code to represent addition. SUB is used for subtraction. They are the symbolic
representation of certain combination of binary numbers
for example
S U B
Which represents certain actions as
computer understand only Machine language instructions a program written in
Assembly Language must be translated into Machine languages. Before it can be
executed this translation if done by another program called assembler. This
assembler will translate mnemonic codes into Machine languages.
(3)
Procedure Oriented Languages
In earlier assembly languages
assembler programs produced only one Machine languages instruction for every
assembly languages instruction. So to resolve this problem now assembler were
introduced. Which can produce several machine level instructions for one
assembly language instruction. Thus programmer was relieve from the task of
writing and instruction for every machine operation performed. These languages
contains set of words and symbols and one can write program with the
combination of these keywords. These languages are also called high level
languages. Basic, Fortran, Pascal and COBOL. The most important characteristic
of high level languages is that it is machine independent and a program written
in high level languages can be run on any computers with different architecture
with no modification or very little modification.
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