C Program to draw Sun rise and fall in OpenGL

on - October 08, 2016
Below is the OpenGL computer graphics program to display sun rise and fall. First try to run the program. Below are the details for terminologies and functions used in program. Try to understand importance of each function.

//set ball colour

// moving it toward the screen a bit on creation

// render sphere objects

// It specifies value to clear color buffer.

// enable / disable server side GL capabilities

// initialize the viewport

void glMatrixMode(GLenum mode); 
// initialize current matrix

void glLoadIdentity( void); 
// transforms current matrix to identity matrix
// set up value for perspective projection matrix

// clear preset values of buffer

// set the lighting model parameters

// initialize light source parameters

// it does pop and push current matrix stack.

// it marks current window to re-display.

// it initialize GLUT library.

// Used to set initial display mode.

//it sets the size of window and position of window.

// It creates Top Level window.

// it sets display callback for current window

// call the current window be made full screen.

// it sets the keyboard callback for current window.

// it registers timer callback to get triggered in a specified milliseconds.

// enters to GLUT event processing loop


Program:
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include<openGL/openGL.h>
#include<GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include<GL/glut.h>
#endif

using namespace std;

float ballX = -0.8f;
float ballY = -0.3f;
float ballZ = -1.2f;
float colR=3.0;
float colG=1.5;
float colB=1.0;
float bgColR=0.0;
float bgColG=0.0;
float bgColB=0.0;

static int flag=1;

void drawBall(void) {

        glColor3f(colR,colG,colB); //set ball colour
        glTranslatef(ballX,ballY,ballZ); //moving it toward the screen a bit on creation
        glutSolidSphere (0.05, 30, 30); //create ball.

}

void drawAv(void) {

        glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
       
        glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
  
        glVertex3f(-0.9,-0.7,-1.0);

        glVertex3f(-0.5,-0.1,-1.0);

        glVertex3f(-0.2,-1.0,-1.0);

        glVertex3f(0.5,0.0,-1.0);

        glVertex3f(0.6,-0.2,-1.0);

        glVertex3f(0.9,-0.7,-1.0);

    glEnd();

}

void drawClouds(){}

void keyPress(int key, int x, int y)
{
      if(key==GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
        ballX -= 0.05f;
    if(key==GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
        ballX  += 0.05f;

    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void initRendering() {
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); //Enable lighting
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); //Enable light #0
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); //Enable light #1
    glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); //Automatically normalize normals
    //glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); //Enable smooth shading
}

//Called when the window is resized
void handleResize(int w, int h) {
    //Tell OpenGL how to convert from coordinates to pixel values
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
   
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); //Switch to setting the camera perspective
   
    //Set the camera perspective
    glLoadIdentity(); //Reset the camera
    gluPerspective(45.0,                  //The camera angle
                   (double)w / (double)h, //The width-to-height ratio
                   1.0,                   //The near z clipping coordinate
                   200.0);                //The far z clipping coordinate
}

void drawScene()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glClearColor(bgColR,bgColG,bgColB,0.0);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
  
    glLoadIdentity();
  
    //Add ambient light
    GLfloat ambientColor[] = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f}; //Color (0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
    glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientColor);
  
    //Add positioned light
    GLfloat lightColor0[] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f}; //Color (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
    GLfloat lightPos0[] = {4.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f, 1.0f}; //Positioned at (4, 0, 8)
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightColor0);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPos0);
  
    //Add directed light
    GLfloat lightColor1[] = {0.5f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f}; //Color (0.5, 0.2, 0.2)
    //Coming from the direction (-1, 0.5, 0.5)
    GLfloat lightPos1[] = {-1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f};
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, lightColor1);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, lightPos1);

    //drawing the SUN
    glPushMatrix();
        drawBall();
    glPopMatrix();
    //drawing the Mount Avarest
    glPushMatrix();
        drawAv();
    glPopMatrix();

    //drawing the Clouds
    glPushMatrix();
        drawClouds();
    glPopMatrix();

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

//float _angle = 30.0f;
void update(int value) {
  
    if(ballX>0.9f)
    {
        ballX = -0.8f;
        ballY = -0.3f;
        flag=1;
        colR=2.0;
        colG=1.50;
        colB=1.0;

        bgColB=0.0;
    }
  
    if(flag)
    {
    ballX += 0.001f;
    ballY +=0.0007f;
    colR-=0.001;
    //colG+=0.002;
    colB+=0.005;

    bgColB+=0.001;

       if(ballX>0.01)
       {
           flag=0;

       }
    }
    if (!flag)
    {
        ballX += 0.001f;
        ballY -=0.0007f;
        colR+=0.001;
        colB-=0.01;

        bgColB-=0.001;

        if(ballX<-0.3)
       {
           flag=1;

       }
    }
  
    glutPostRedisplay(); //Tell GLUT that the display has changed
  
    //Tell GLUT to call update again in 25 milliseconds
    glutTimerFunc(25, update, 0);
}

int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
  
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
  
    glutInitWindowSize(400,400);
  
    glutCreateWindow("Sun");
  
    initRendering();
  
    glutDisplayFunc(drawScene);

    glutFullScreen();
  
    glutSpecialFunc(keyPress);
    glutReshapeFunc(handleResize);

    glutTimerFunc(25, update, 0);

    glutMainLoop();
  
    return(0);
}
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